The U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) is an independent, nonpartisan agency that works for Congress. Often called the "congressional watchdog," GAO investigates how the federal government spends taxpayer dollars.

This policy establishes the expectation that all NIH-funded investigators and staff who are involved in the conduct, oversight, or management of clinical trials should be trained in Good Clinical Practice (GCP), consistent with principles of the "International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) E6 (R2)".

The principles of GCP help assure the safety, integrity, and quality of clinical trials. GCP provides a standard for ensuring clinical trial compliance, implementation, data collection, monitoring, and reporting (e.g., safety data, accrual reports, study status, protocol deviations, unanticipated problems, or final data), and outline the responsibilities of Institutional Review Boards (IRBs), investigators, sponsors and monitors. GCP addresses elements related to the design, conduct and reporting (e.g., safety data, accrual reports, study status, protocol deviations, unanticipated problems, or final data) of clinical trials.

Acceptable GCP courses include the "NIAID GCP Learning Center website" and "National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network".

Excerpted from NIH Guide Notice NOT-OD-16-148 "Policy on Good Clinical Practice Training for NIH Awardees Involved in NIH-funded Clinical Trials".

General Clinical Research Center grants have been converted to Clinical and Translational Science Award grants.

Supported research to understand the genetic contributions and gene-environment interactions in common disease.

For additional information, see The Genes, Environment and Health Initiative (GEI) archived webpage.

A Geographic Information System (GIS) consists of an integrated hardware, software, and data system that can capture, manage, analyze, and visualize diverse types of geographical information. GIS systems enable researchers to examine data in unique ways so that they can more readily observe and interpret relationships, patterns, and trends in complicated data sets. The NCI is engaged in a variety of GIS-related activities and initiatives. The NCI GIS site was designed to provide a central source of information about GIS and related resources.

For additional information, visit NCI's Geographic Information System and Science for Cancer Control website.

A NIH official responsible for the business management aspects of grants and cooperative agreements, including review, negotiation, award, and administration, and for the interpretation of grants administration policies and provisions. GMOs are delegated the authority from the CGMO to obligate NIH to the expenditure of funds and permit changes to approved projects on behalf of NIH. Each NIH IC that awards grants has one or more GMOs with responsibility for particular programs or awards. See also Chief Grants Management Officer definition.

Quoted from the NIH OER Glossary & Acronym List.

A NIH staff member who oversees the business and other non-programmatic aspects of one or more grants and/or cooperative agreements. These activities include, but are not limited to, evaluating grant applications for administrative content and compliance with statutes, regulations, and guidelines; negotiating grants; providing consultation and technical assistance to grantees; and administering grants after award.

Quoted from the NIH OER Glossary & Acronym List.

As the name implies, the facilities are owned by the government, but are operated by a contractor. The Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (FNLCR), a Federally Funded Research and Development Center (FFRDC), is an example of a government-owned contractor-operated facility.

"Governmentwide point of entry (GPE)" means the single point where Government business opportunities greater than $25,000, including synopses of proposed contract actions, solicitations, and associated information, can be accessed electronically by the public. The GPE is located at http://www.fedbizopps.gov.

Quoted from §2.101 of the Federal Acquisition Regulation.

Created by Congress in June 1860, the U.S. Government Printing Office (GPO) began operation on March 4, 1861 with 350 employees. Occupying the corner of North Capitol and H Streets from its inception, GPO continues to adopt the most efficient and cost-effective production methods of delivering authentic and secure government documents and products to the American public. With the increase in digital communication and expanding publishing technologies, GPO has streamlined and transformed from a print-only operation to an integrated publishing organization. On December 17, 2014, Congress redesignated the agency the U.S. Government Publishing Office.

The Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA) (Public Law 103-62) is a public bipartisan law passed by Congress in 1993 to improve stewardship in the Federal Government by linking resources and management decisions with program performance.

On January 4, 2011, the President signed into law the GPRA Modernization Act of 2010 (Public Law 111-352).

For additional information, see the NIH Division of Program Coordination, Planning and Strategic Initiatives (DPCPSI), Office of Program Evaluation and Performance, NIH Performance Reporting webpage.

No longer in use by Program Staff. The remaining functionality in the GRITS application is for NCI related maintenance of tables, reports and exception/supplement funds approval.

The General Services Administration (GSA) provides workplaces by constructing, managing, and preserving government buildings and by leasing and managing commercial real estate. GSA's acquisition solutions offer private sector professional services, equipment, supplies, and IT to government organizations and the military. GSA also promotes management best practices and efficient government operations through the development of governmentwide policies.

An initiative that spans eRA Commons IMPAC II modules which allows for updating of grant information to apply across various modules.

A genome-wide association study (GWAS) is an approach used in genetics research to associate specific genetic variations with particular diseases. The method involves scanning the genomes from many different people and looking for genetic markers that can be used to predict the presence of a disease. Once such genetic markers are identified, they can be used to understand how genes contribute to the disease and develop better prevention and treatment strategies.

Quoted from NIH 's National Human Genome Research Institute's Talking Glossary of Genetic Terms.