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Activity Code (Funding Mechanism)
A 3-character code used to identify a specific category of extramural research activity, applied to financial assistance mechanisms. NIH uses three funding mechanisms for extramural research awards: grants, cooperative agreements and contracts. Within each funding mechanism, NIH uses 3-character activity codes (e.g., F32, K08, P01, R01, T32, etc.) to differentiate the wide variety of research-related programs NIH supports.

Quoted from the NIH OER Glossary & Acronym List.

For additional information, visit the NCI Grant Activity Codes/Mechanisms webpage.