'C' Terms

cancer Biomedical Informatics caBIG  
One of the most challenging issues for researchers and biorepositories has been the absence of information technology tools and infrastructure to facilitate the appropriate collection, processing, archiving, and dissemination of biospecimens to the research community, not only within an individual medical institution but also in a network across multiple institutions.
  • caTissue core will address all aspects of donor enrollment and informed consent, collection and tracking of samples.
  • caTissue CAE will address annotation of biospecimens with molecular and clinical data.
  • caTIES will allow extraction of structured data from free text pathology reports.
caBIG™ tools are designed with security considerations to support patient privacy and data access restrictions, including those aspects covered by the Common Rule and HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act).

For additional information about caBIG™, see the caBIG™ webpage.

Cancer Care Outcomes Research and Surveillance Consortium CanCORS  
The NCI, in collaboration with the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), supported a research consortium of eight grantees to measure the quality of cancer care and associated health outcomes in the United States. This project, entitled "Cancer Care Outcomes Research and Surveillance Consortium" (CanCORS), supported prospective research in a cohort of approximately 10,000 patients with newly diagnosed lung cancer or colorectal cancer recruited from geographically diverse populations and health care systems.

Seven of the CanCORS sites were supported by NCI grants funded through a cooperative agreement. The VA funded the eighth site.

This initiative concluded in July 2014.

For additional information, visit the CanCORS Website.

Cancer Center CC  
The NCI Cancer Centers Program is one of the anchors of the nation's cancer research effort. There are currently 69 NCI-Designated Cancer Centers, located in 35 states and the District of Columbia, that form the backbone of NCI's programs for studying and controlling cancer. At any given time, hundreds of research studies are under way at the cancer centers, ranging from basic laboratory research to clinical assessments of new treatments. Many of these studies are collaborative and may involve several cancer centers, as well as other partners in industry and the community.
See Also: Research Centers
Cancer Center Support Grant P30 or CCSG  
Funds awarded to certain U.S. institutions by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) for them to become cancer centers in the United States, based on scientific merit. The funds help the cancer centers improve the way they are run and develop new ways to prevent, diagnose, and treat cancer. To receive the award, one goal of the cancer center must be to turn clinical and basic research into better health care. Also called CCSG.

Quoted from the NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms.

For additional information, visit the NCI Office of Cancer Centers webpage and the NCI Grant Activity Codes/Mechanisms webpage.

See Also: Center Core Grants Center Grants
Cancer Diagnosis Program CDP  
The Cancer Diagnosis Program (CDP) strives to improve the diagnosis and assessment of cancer by effectively moving new scientific knowledge into clinical practice. This national program stimulates, coordinates and funds resources and research for the development of innovative in vitro diagnostics, novel diagnostic technologies and appropriate human specimens in order to better characterize cancers and allow improved medical decision making and evaluation of response to treatment.
Cancer Disparities Research Partnership Program CDRP  
The NCI Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis(DCTD) Radiation Research Program's (RRP) Cancer Disparities Research Partnership (CDRP) program was designed to test novel approaches toward reducing the negative consequences associated with cancer health disparities. Following two 5-year funding periods, the CDRP program is no longer an active funding mechanism, however, the RRP continues to work with CDRP and others interested in addressing this critical issue. A manuscript summarizing the highlights and lessons learned is in preparation.

Quoted from the NCI DCTD RRP Program Collaborations webpage.

Cancer Education and Career Development Program R25T  
This is a program that was developed uniquely by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) to encourage institutions to develop training programs that are multi-departmental and/or multi-institutional and focused on preparing predoctoral and postdoctoral candidates to conduct cancer research in team settings that are highly-interdisciplinary and collaborative.

Please note: NCI no longer accepts applications for the R25T. The last standard application receipt date for R25T applications was May 25, 2013; see NIH Guide Notice NOT-CA-13-008.

Cancer Family Registries CFR  
The Breast Cancer Family Registry (Breast CFR) and the Colon Cancer Family Registry (Colon CFR) were established by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) as a unique resource for investigators to use in conducting studies on the genetics and molecular epidemiology of breast and colon cancer.
Cancer Funded Research Portfolio
See: NCI Funded Research Portfolio
Cancer Genetic Markers of Susceptibility CGEMS  
CGEMS identifies common inherited genetic variations associated with a number of cancers, including breast and prostate. Data from these genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are available through the Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics website.

Quoted from the NCI Office of Cancer Genomics webpage.

Cancer Genetics Network CGN  
The Cancer Genetics Network is an infrastructure established by NCI to support collaborative investigations into the genetic basis of cancer susceptibility, explore mechanisms to integrate this new knowledge into medical practice, and identify ways of addressing the associated psychosocial, ethical, legal, and public health issues.
Cancer Genome Anatomy Project CGAP  
The NCI's Cancer Genome Anatomy Project sought to determine the gene expression profiles of normal, precancer, and cancer cells, leading eventually to improved detection, diagnosis, and treatment for the patient. Resources generated by the CGAP initiative are available to the broad cancer community. Interconnected modules provide access to all CGAP data, bioinformatic analysis tools, and biological resources allowing the user to find "in silico" answers to biological questions in a fraction of the time it once took in the laboratory.
Cancer Health Disparities
Cancer health disparities are adverse differences between certain population groups in cancer measures, such as: incidence (new cases), prevalence (all existing cases), morbidity (cancer-related health complications), mortality (deaths), survivorship and quality of life after cancer treatment, burden of cancer or related health conditions, screening rates, and stage at diagnosis.

These population groups may be characterized by race, ethnicity, disability, gender and sexual identity, geographic location, income, education, and other characteristics. Generally, people who are from low socioeconomic backgrounds (poor, lack health insurance, and are medically underserved with limited or no access to effective health care) often bear a greater burden of disease than the general U.S. population.

Quoted from the NCI CRCHD About Cancer Disparities Cancer Health Disparities Definitions.

Cancer Imaging Archive TCIA  
The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA) is provided by the NCI's Cancer Imaging Program (CIP) as a service to the research community. TCIA provides a freely accessible, open archive of cancer-specific medical images and metadata accessible for public download. A huge amount of clinical and research images are collected each year with many high value data sets already available.
Cancer Imaging Program CIP  
The mission of the NCI DCTD Cancer Imaging Program is to promote and support: Cancer-related basic, translational and clinical research in imaging sciences and technology, and integration and application of these imaging discoveries and developments to the understanding of cancer biology and to the clinical management of cancer and cancer risk.
Cancer Information Service CIS  
The Cancer Information Service (CIS) also known as the NCI Contact Center is a free public service. The CIS responds to calls in English and Spanish. Through 14 regional offices, the CIS serves the entire United States, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands.
Cancer Intervention and Surveillance Modeling Network CISNET  
The Cancer Intervention and Surveillance Modeling Network (CISNET) is a consortium of NCI-sponsored investigators who use statistical modeling to improve our understanding of cancer control interventions in prevention, screening, and treatment and their effects on population trends in incidence and mortality. These models can be used to guide public health research and priorities, and they can aid in the development of optimal cancer control strategies.
Cancer Nanotechnology Platforms Partnerships CNPP  
The Cancer Nanotechnology Platform Partnerships (CNPPs) ended in 2015. It engaged in directed, product-focused research that aims to translate cutting-edge science and technology into the next generation of diagnostic and therapeutic tools. These platforms served as the core technologies for a wide array of specific applications that will ultimately benefit cancer patients.

For current information about nanotechnology research at NCI, visit the Nanodelivery Systems and Devices Branch website.

See Also: Nanodelivery Systems and Devices Branch
Cancer Research Network CRN  
The Cancer Research Network is a NCI-funded initiative to support and facilitate cancer research based in non-profit integrated health care delivery settings.
Cancer Research Training Award CRTA  
The NIH Postbac IRTA program (CRTA, Cancer Research Training Award, in the National Cancer Institute) provides recent college graduates who are planning to apply to graduate or professional (medical/dental/pharmacy/nursing/veterinary, etc.) school an opportunity to spend one or two years performing full-time research at the NIH. Postbac IRTAs/CRTAs work side-by-side with some of the leading scientists in the world, in an environment devoted exclusively to biomedical research.

Quoted from the Postbaccalaureate Intramural Research Training Award (Postbac IRTA/CRTA) webpage.

Cancer Systems Biology Consortium CSBC  
The Cancer Systems Biology Consortium (CSBC) focuses on combining advanced experimental approaches with mathematical modeling and computational methodologies to advance cancer research. The initiative takes an integrative approach to cancer research to complement and expand our current understanding of tumor development and progression across many physical and time scales, with the ultimate goal of improving cancer prevention, detection, diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy.
Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program CTEP  
The mission of the Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program (CTEP) is to improve the lives of cancer patients by finding better ways to treat, control and cure cancer. CTEP accomplishes this mission by funding an extensive national program of cancer research and by sponsoring clinical trials to evaluate new anti-cancer agents, with a particular emphasis on translational research to elucidate molecular targets and mechanisms of drug effects.
Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program Adverse Event Reporting System CTEP-AERS  
The Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program Adverse Event Reporting System (CTEP-AERS) is a web system that is used for the electronic submission and distribution of expedited adverse event reports for all Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program (CTEP) sponsored clinical trials and Division of Cancer Prevention (DCP) trials.

CTEP-AERS replaces the Adverse Event Expedited Reporting System (AdEERS) and was built using the Cancer Adverse Event Reporting System (caAERS) developed by caBIG®.

For additional information, visit the CTEP-AERS webpage.

Cancer Training Branch CTB  
The CTB administers training grants, fellowships, research career development awards, and cancer education grants. These comprise:

  • 10 individual training and career development awards for 1 - 6 years given to individuals working at universities and institutions
  • 4 institutional training awards that provide support for fellows and trainees at those institutions
For additional information, visit the Funding for Extramural Cancer Training by the Cancer Training Branch webpage.
Cancer Trials Support Unit CTSU  
The Cancer Trials Support Unit (CTSU) is a service of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) designed to facilitate access to NCI-funded clinical trials for qualified clinical sites and to support the management and conduct of those clinical trials.
Career Development Awards
See: Research Career Awards "K" Program
Carryover or Carry Over
Unobligated Federal funds remaining at the end of any budget period that, with the approval of the GMO or under an automatic authority, may be carried forward to another budget period to cover allowable costs of that budget period (whether as an offset or additional authorization). Obligated, but unliquidated, funds are not considered carryover.

Quoted from the NIH OER Glossary & Acronym List.

See also Carryover Unobligated Funds on NCI's website.

Cash or Cash Equivalent Basis
The basis whereby receipts are recorded when received and expenditures are recorded when paid, without regard to the accounting period in which the receipts are earned or the costs are incurred. "Cash" generally refers to payment by cash, checks, or electronic funds transfers. "Cash equivalent" refers to the use of an instrument or process that creates a substitute for cash. For example, when the government issues a debt instrument of any kind in satisfaction of claims, the transaction is recorded as simultaneous outlays and borrowing—the outlays when the debt instrument is issued, not when it is redeemed.

Quoted from GAO's "A Glossary of Terms Used in the Federal Budget Process".

See: Bases of Budgeting
Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance CFDA  
The Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance (CFDA) provides a full listing of all Federal programs available to State and local governments (including the District of Columbia); federally-recognized Indian tribal governments; Territories (and possessions) of the United States; domestic public, quasi- public, and private profit and nonprofit organizations and institutions; specialized groups; and individuals.
Catchment Area
Catchment Area refers to the geographic area, and thus the population of individuals who qualify for consideration or inclusion in a study.

Quoted from the NCI Thesaurus.

Categorical Budget
A categorical budget for purposes of the modular application is defined as a direct cost and a facilities and administration (indirect) cost. Costs are estimated (application), accumulated, and reported (Financial Status Report) on this basis.

Quoted from Frequently Asked Questions - Modular Research Grant Applications, C. Budgetary Issues, 10. "Must detailed categorical budgets be developed at the time of application or award to comply with Consistency Standards contained in OMB Circular A-21?" .

Categorical Grant
Categorical grants can be used only for specific programs or for narrowly defined activities. They may be formula or project grants. Formula grants allocate federal funds to states or their subdivisions in accordance with a distribution formula prescribed by law or administrative regulation. Project grants provide federal funding for fixed or known periods for specific projects or the delivery of specific services or products.

Quoted from GAO's "Glossary of Terms Used in the Federal Budget Process".

Center Core Grants P30  
To support shared resources and facilities for categorical research by a number of investigators from different disciplines who provide a multidisciplinary approach to a joint research effort or from the same discipline who focus on a common research problem. The core grant is integrated with the center's component projects or program projects, though funded independently from them. This support, by providing more accessible resources, is expected to assure a greater productivity than from the separate projects and program projects.

For additional information, see NCI Grant Activity Codes/Mechanisms.

See Also: Cancer Center Cancer Center Support Grant Center Grants
Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, FDA CBER  
The Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER) is the Center within FDA that regulates biological products for human use under applicable federal laws, including the Public Health Service Act and the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act. CBER protects and advances the public health by ensuring that biological products are safe and effective and available to those who need them. CBER also provides the public with information to promote the safe and appropriate use of biological products.
Center for Biomedical Informantics and Infromatics Technology CBIIT  
NCI's Center for Biomedical Informantics and Infromatics Technology (CBIIT) collaborates across NCI to plan, provide, and coordinate technology, standards, and scientific computing in support of the NCI mission to speed discovery, facilitate open science, and progress towards precision treatment in cancer care and a learning healthcare system.
Center for Cancer Genomics CCG  
NCI's (NCI) Center for Cancer Genomics (CCG) unifies NCI's activities in cancer genomics by aiming to synthesize research in different fields of cancer genomics - structural, functional, and computational - to improve patient outcomes. CCG programs and collaborations generate cancer genomic and clinical data, and make these data available for widespread use by the research community.
Center for Cancer Research CCR  
NCI's Center for Cancer Research (CCR) houses a productive community of NCI intramural basic researchers, clinicians, and translational scientists who integrate basic and clinical research discovery to develop novel therapeutic interventions which better treat adults and children with cancer or HIV.
Center for Cancer Training CCT  
NCI's Center for Cancer Training (CCT) provides funding to support training and career development at institutions nationwide and manages training programs at NCI's laboratories, clinics, and research groups to develop a 21st century workforce capable of advancing cancer research.
Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, FDA CDER  
The Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) performs an essential public health task by making sure that safe and effective drugs are available to improve the health of people in the United States.

As part of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), CDER regulates over-the-counter and prescription drugs, including biological therapeutics and generic drugs. This work covers more than just medicines. For example, fluoride toothpaste, antiperspirants, dandruff shampoos and sunscreens are all considered "drugs."

Center for Global Health CGH  
NCI's Center for Global Health (CGH) provides assistance and guidance to nations as they develop and implement cancer control plans, trains international investigators, and strengthens U.S. national, regional, multilateral, and bilateral collaboration in health research, cancer research, and cancer control to advance global cancer research, build expertise, and reduce cancer deaths worldwide.
Center for Information Technology CIT  
NIH's Center for Information Technology (CIT) provides the NIH community with a secure and reliable IT infrastructure and a variety of IT services to support mission-critical research and administration.
Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research CIMBTR  
The CIBMTR® (Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research®) is a research collaboration between the National Marrow Donor Program® (NMDP)/Be The Match® and the Medical College of Wisconsin (MCW). The CIBMTR collaborates with the global scientific community to advance hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) and cellular therapy worldwide to increase survival and enrich quality of life for patients. The CIBMTR facilitates critical observational and interventional research through scientific and statistical expertise, a large network of transplant centers, and a unique and extensive clinical outcomes database.
Center for Research Strategy CRS  
NCI's Center for Research Strategy (CRS) develops recommendations for addressing scientific opportunity, identifying funding gaps, and managing funding mechanisms, while monitoring the direction and application of scientific knowledge and resources.
Center for Scientific Review CSR  
The Center for Scientific Review (CSR) is the focal point at NIH for the conduct of initial peer review, the foundation of the NIH grant and award process. The Center carries out peer review of the majority of research and research training applications submitted to the NIH. In addition, the Center serves as the central receipt point for all such Public Health Service (PHS) applications and makes referrals to scientific review groups for scientific and technical merit review of applications and to funding components for potential award. To this end, the Center develops and implements innovative, flexible ways to conduct referral and review for all aspects of science.
Center for Stategic Scientific Intitatives CSSI  
NCI's Center for Strategic Scientific Initiatives (CSSI) creates and implements exploratory programs focused on emerging scientific discoveries and innovative technologies to accelerate the pace of cancer research and the translation of research results into new therapies, diagnostics, and preventive agents.

The Center for Strategic Scientific Initiatives (CSSI) is an operating entity of the Office of the Director (OD), National Cancer Institute (NCI). The beginning of CSSI dates back to the late 1990s with the creation of the Unconventional Innovation Program (UIP), trans-divisional Integrated Molecular Analysis Technologies program (IMAT), and Cancer Genome Anatomy Program (CGAP). Building upon the success of these initial programs, the concept of an innovation center for NCI began to develop in 2002 to not only capitalize on advances in areas such as genomics and nanotechnology but also to ensure that state-of-the-art foundational resources are broadly available to all cancer researchers. Established in 2004, CSSI serves as a strategic focus for innovative programs that range from exploratory pilot programs to the development of national resources that serve the overall cancer research community. In aggregate, these efforts are designed to accelerate progress toward future of individualized cancer medicine.

Center Grants
Center grants are awarded to institutions on behalf of program directors and groups of collaborating investigators. They support long-term, multi-disciplinary programs of research and development.

Quoted from the NIH OER Glossary & Acronym List

See Also: Cancer Center Support Grant Center Core Grants
Center to Reduce Cancer Health Disparities CRCHD  
NCI's Center to Reduce Cancer Health Disparities (CRCHD) conducts basic, clinical, translational, and population-based cancer disparities research; trains the next generation of competitive cancer researchers from diverse populations; and creates regional cancer health disparities networks to reduce the unequal burden of cancer in our society.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC  
A major operating component of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) provide a system of health surveillance to monitor and prevent outbreak of diseases. With the assistance of states and other partners, CDC guards against international disease transmission, maintains national health statistics and provides for immunization services and supports research into disease and injury prevention.
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services CMS  
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) is a federal agency within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

CMS covers 100 million people through Medicare, Medicaid, the Children's Health Insurance Program, and the Health Insurance Marketplace. But coverage isn't our only goal. To achieve a high quality health care system, we also aim for better care at lower costs and improved health.

Centers of Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence CCNEs  
The multi-disciplinary Centers of Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence (CCNEs) teams are the main venue for the discovery and tool development toward the application of nanotechnology to clinical oncology. CCNE teams are focused on integrated technology solutions and the aggressive development of these solutions from pre-clinical to clinical application. CCNEs are designed to enable multi-disciplinary team research by linking physical scientists, engineers and technologists working at the nanoscale with cancer biologists and oncologists specializing in the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of cancer.
Centers of Excellence in Cancer Communication Research II CECCR  
In December 2008, NCI announced five newly awarded Centers of Excellence in Cancer Communication Research II (CECCR II). This 5–year initiative is a follow up to the first iteration of CECCRs (2003-2008), which was developed as a priority when NCI planners identified cancer communication as an "extraordinary opportunity" for research in the area of cancer control. For more information about CECCR I, see the CECCR Archive.

This second iteration of the CECCR initiative remains the centerpiece of NCI's's Extraordinary Opportunity in Cancer Communication, a broad initiative that supported research and outreach aimed at increasing the knowledge about, tools for, access to, and use of cancer communications by the public, patients, survivors, and health professionals.

Central Contractor Registration CCR  
As of July 2012, Central Contractor Registry (CCR) has been replaced with the System for Awards Management (SAM).

Quoted from the NIH OER Glossary & Acronym List.

See: System for Award Management
Central Contractor Registration Database
See: System for Award Management
Central Institutional Review Board CIRB  
The Central IRB (CIRB) Initiative is designed to help reduce the administrative burden on local IRBs and investigators while continuing a high level of protection for human research participants.

CIRB enables an investigator to enroll patients into NCI-sponsored clinical trials significantly faster than when employing the traditional method of IRB review.

The CIRB Initiative is sponsored by NCI in consultation with the Department of Health and Human Services Office for Human Research Protections (OHRP).

For additional information, visit the NCI Central Institutional Review Board Initiative webpage.

Certificate of Confidentiality COC  
A Certificate of Confidentiality (Certificate) protects the privacy of research participants enrolled in biomedical, behavioral, clinical or other research. With limited exceptions, researchers may not disclose names or any information, documents or biospecimens containing identifiable, sensitive information. The Certificate prohibits disclosure in response to legal demands, such as a subpoena.

Quoted from the NIH Certificates of Confidentiality Kiosk webpage.

Chair
In the first level of review, a the Chair is a reviewer who plays a key role in the functioning and success of the peer review process by:

  • reviewing the abstracts and aims of all applications;
  • discussing any issues or changes in review policy/guidelines with the SRO;
  • writing critiques and submiting scores for the specific applications assigned to them;
  • following up on any other chair-specific instructions provided by the SRO;
  • leading the review of applications, including the discussion, scoring, voting on motions and review of additional considerations.

For a more thorough overview of Chair responsibilities, please visit the NIH OER Chair Orientation webpage.

For additional information, visit the NIH OER Attendees Roles and the NIH OER Know Assignment Role webpages.

See Also: Primary Peer Reviewer
Change in Recipient Organizational Status
Recipients must give NIH advance notice of the following types of change in organizational status:
  • Merger. Legal action resulting in the unification of two or more legal entities. When such an action involves the transfer of NIH grants, the procedures for recognizing a successor-in-interest will apply. When the action does not involve the transfer of NIH grants, the procedures for recognizing a name change normally will apply.
  • Successor-in-Interest (SII). Process whereby the rights to and obligations under an NIH grant(s) are acquired incidental to the transfer of all of the assets of the recipient or the transfer of that part of the assets involved in the performance of the grant(s). A SII may result from legis-lative or other legal action, such as a merger or other corporate change.
  • Name Change. Action whereby the name of an organization is changed without otherwise affect-ing the rights and obligations of that organization as a recipient.
See §8.1.2.8 of the NIH Grants Policy Statement.
See Also: Change of Recipient Organization
Change in Scope or Change of Scope
An activity whereby the objectives or specific aims identified in the approved grant application are significantly changed by the recipient after award. GMO prior approval is required for a change in scope to be allowable under an award. See NIH Grants Policy Statement: 8 Administrative Requirements 8.1 Changes in Project and Budget 8.1.2 Prior Approval Requirements 8.1.2.5 Change of Scope for additional information.

Quoted from NIH OER Glossary & Acronym List.

Change of Assignment (Form 901)
See: Assignment Change Request
Change of PD/PI
A process, usually initiated by the recipient, whereby the federally approved PD/PI is replaced by another individual, with the approval of the GMO.

Quoted from the NIH OER Glossary & Acronym List.

Change of Recipient or Training Institution (Application Type 7)
See: Change of Recipient Organization
Change of Recipient Organization
Transfer of the legal and administrative responsibility for a grant-supported project or activity from one legal entity to another before the completion date of the approved project period (competitive segment).

Quoted from the NIH OER Glossary & Acronym List.

For additional information, see §8.1.2.7 of the NIH Grants Policy Statement

See Also: Change in Recipient Organizational Status
Change of Study Section
Resubmission applications usually are assigned to the same study section and IC as the original application but you can request a change by submitting the G.600 PHS Assignment Form with the resubmission application following the instructions in the SF424 (R&R) Application Guide. It is a good idea to consult with your PO and/or SRO to discuss whether a change would be appropriate.
Change Order
A written order, signed by the contracting officer, directing the contractor to make a change that the Changes clause authorizes the contracting officer to order without the contractor's consent.

Quoted from §2.101 of the Federal Acquisition Regulation.

Also see Subpart 43.2 of the Federal Acquisition Regulation.

Charter (Advisory Committee)
A Federal Advisory Committee Charter shall contain the following information:
  • (A) the committee's official designation;
  • (B) the committee's objectives and the scope of its activity;
  • (C) the period of time necessary for the committee to carry out its purposes;
  • (D) the agency or official to whom the committee reports;
  • (E) the agency responsible for providing the necessary support for the committee;
  • (F) a description of the duties for which the committee is responsible, and, if such duties are not solely advisory, a specification of the authority for such functions;
  • (G) the estimated annual operating costs in dollars and man-years for such committee;
  • (H) the estimated number and frequency of committee meetings;
  • (I) the committee's termination date, if less than two years from the date of the committee's establishment; and
  • (J) the date the charter is filed.

Excerpted from 5 USC App §9.(c).

Chartered Advisory Committee
Any committee formed for advisory purposes composed not wholly of Federal officials. Under the Federal Advisory Committee Act, standing committees must be chartered, i.e., approved by their parent Agency in collaboration with the U.S. General Services Administration to ensure a properly balanced representation (geographical, women, minorities) and meet other legal requirements

Quoted from the NIH OER Glossary & Acronym List.

For information about NIH Advisory Committees, see the NIH Office of Federal Advisory Committee Policy (OFACP) website.

See Also: Advisory Committee Charter (Advisory Committee) Council/Board, Advisory
Child
The NIH Policy on Inclusion of Children defines a child as an individual under the age of 18 years. The intent of the NIH policy is to provide the opportunity for children to participate in research studies when there is a sound scientific rationale for including them, and their participation benefits children and is appropriate under existing Federal guidelines. Thus, children must be included in NIH conducted or supported clinical research unless there are scientific or ethical reasons not to include them.

DHHS Regulations (45 CFR part 46, Subpart D, Sec.401-409) provide additional protections for children involved as subjects in research, based on this definition: "Children are persons who have not attained the legal age for consent to treatments or procedures involved in research, under the applicable law of the jurisdiction in which the research will be conducted." Generally, state laws define what constitutes a 'child.' Consequently, the age at which a child's own consent is required and sufficient to participate in research will vary according to state law. For example, some states consider a person age 18 to be an adult and therefore one who can provide consent without parental permission.

Quoted from the NIH OER Glossary & Acronym List.

Children
Children are persons who have not attained the legal age for consent to treatments or procedures involved in the research, under the applicable law of the jurisdiction in which the research will be conducted.

Quoted from 45 CFR 46.402.

See: Child
Circulars, OMB
Instructions or information issued by the White House's Office of Management and Budget (OMB) to Federal agencies. These are expected to have a continuing effect of two years or more.

For additional information, visit the OMB Circulars webpage.

See Also: Office of Management and Budget
Citation ID
The reference number used when citing papers falling under the NIH Public Access Policy on applications, proposals, or progress reports. The citation ID will be a PMCID or an alternative when the PMCID has not been assigned yet. See Citation Methods.

Quoted from the NIH OER Glossary & Acronym List.

Civil Rights Protections
Before NIH may make an award to a domestic organization, the AOR must certify, by means of the signature on the application, that the organization has on file with the HHS OCR a one-time Assurance of Compliance with the statutes described in this subsection. The Assurance of Compliance, Form HHS 690, is filed for the organization and is not required for each application.

Quoted from the §4.1.2 of the NIH Grants Policy Manual.

Clarification
Clarifications are limited exchanges, between the Government and offerors, that may occur when award without discussions is contemplated.

Quoted from §15.306 of the Federal Acquisition Regulation.

Clinical
Having to do with the examination and treatment of patients.

Quoted from the NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms.

Clinical and Translational Research Operations Committee CTROC  
An internal NCI advisory committee composed of representatives from NCI divisions, offices, and centers involved in NCI-supported clinical trials and translational research. The committee reviews and prioritizes NCI-supported clinical trials, correlative science programs, and translational research.
Clinical and Translational Science Awards Program CTSA  
Under the leadership of NIH's National Center for Advancing Translational Science (NCATS), the Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSA) Program supports a national network of medical research institutions — called hubs — that work together to improve the translational research process to get more treatments to more patients more quickly. The hubs collaborate locally and regionally to catalyze innovation in training, research tools and processes.
Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium CPTAC  
The Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) is a comprehensive and coordinated effort to accelerate the understanding of the molecular basis of cancer through the application of robust, quantitative, proteomic technologies and workflows.
Clinical Research
Research with human subjects that is:

  1. Patient-oriented research. Research conducted with human subjects (or on material of human origin such as tissues, specimens, and cognitive phenomena) for which an investigator (or colleague) directly interacts with human subjects. Excluded from this definition are in vitro studies that utilize human tissues that cannot be linked to a living individual. It includes:
    1. mechanisms of human disease
    2. therapeutic interventions
    3. clinical trials, or
    4. development of new technologies.

  2. Epidemiological and behavioral studies.
  3. Outcomes research and health services research.

Studies falling under 45 CFR 46.101(b) (4) (Exemption 4) are not considered clinical research by this definition.

Quoted from the NIH OER Glossary & Acronym List.

Clinical Study
Research conducted with human subjects or on material of human origin in which an investigator directly interacts with human subjects; includes development of new technologies, study of mechanisms of human diseases, therapy, clinical trials, epidemiologic, behavior, and health services research.

Quoted from the NCI Thesaurus.

Clinical Study Protocol
A formal document that describes a complete plan of research activity in the framework of a clinical study; specifically, the study objective(s), design, methodology, eligibility requests for prospective subjects and controls; intervention regimen(s), proposed methods of analysis of data; statistical considerations, and organization of the study. The protocol usually also provides the background and rationale for the trial, but these could be represented in other protocol referenced documents.

Quoted from the NCI Thesaurus.

Clinical Terms of Award
Clinical Trial
A research study in which one or more human subjects are prospectively assigned to one or more interventions (which may include placebo or other control) to evaluate the effects of those interventions on health-related biomedical or behavioral outcomes.

See Common Rule definition of "research" at 45 CFR 46.102(d).

See Common Rule definition of "human subject" at 45 CFR 46.102(f).

The term "prospectively assigned" refers to a pre-defined process (e.g., randomization) specified in an approved protocol that stipulates the assignment of research subjects (individually or in clusters) to one or more arms (e.g., intervention, placebo or other control) of the clinical trial.

An intervention is defined as a manipulation of the subject or subject's environment for the purpose of modifying one or more health-related processes and/or endpoints. Examples include, but are not limited, to: drugs/small molecules/compounds, biologics, devices; procedures (e.g., surgical techniques); delivery systems (e.g., telemedicine, face-to-face); strategies to change health-related behavior (e.g., diet, cognitive therapy, exercise, development of new habits); and, treatment, prevention, and diagnostic strategies.

A health-related biomedical or behavioral outcome is defined as the pre-specified effect of an intervention on the study subjects. Examples include positive or negative changes to physiological or biological parameters (e.g., improvement of lung capacity, gene expression); psychological or neurodevelopmental parameters (e.g., mood management intervention for smokers; reading comprehension and/or information retention); disease processes; health-related behavior; and, well-being or quality of life.

Biomedical clinical trials of an experimental drug, treatment, device, or behavioral intervention may proceed through four phases:

Phase I. Tests a new biomedical intervention in a small group of people (e.g. 20-80) for the first time to determine efficacy and evaluate safety (e.g., determine a safe dosage range and identify side effects).

Phase II. Study the biomedical or behavioral intervention in a larger group of people (several hundred) to determine efficacy and further evaluate safety.

Phase III. Study to determine efficacy of the biomedical or behavioral intervention in large groups of people (from several hundred to several thousand) by comparing the intervention to other standard or experimental interventions as well as to monitor adverse effects, and to collect information that will allow the interventions to be used safely.

Phase IV. Studies conducted after the intervention has been marketed. These studies are designed to monitor the effectiveness of the approved intervention in the general population and to collect information about any adverse effects associated with widespread use.

Quoted from the NIH OER Glossary & Acronym List.

For additional information, visit these websites:

 ● NCI's Conducting Clinical Trials

 ● NIH's Clinical Trial Requirements for Grants and Contracts.

See Also: Early Phase 1
Clinical Trial Sponsor
A person, company, institution, group, or organization that oversees or pays for a clinical trial and collects and analyzes the data. Also called trial sponsor.

Quoted from the NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms.

Clinical Trial, Cancer
See the "What are Clinical Trials?" webpage for information on NCI clinical trials.
Clinical Trials and Translational Research Advisory Committee CTAC  
The Clinical Trials and Translational Research Advisory Committee makes recommendations on the NCI-supported national clinical trials enterprise to build a strong scientific infrastructure by bringing together a broadly developed and engaged coalition of stakeholders involved in the clinical trials process. In addition, the Committee makes recommendations regarding the effectiveness of NCI's translational research management and administration program, including needs and opportunities across disease sites, patient populations, translational developmental pathways, and the range of molecular mechanisms responsible for cancer development.
Clinical Trials Cooperative Group Program
On March 1, 2014, after several years of extensive consultation and coordination with many stakeholders, NCI transformed its longstanding Cooperative Group program into the new National Clinical Trials Network (NCTN).
See: National Clinical Trials Network
Clinical Trials Monitoring
For clinical decision-making, the purposeful and ongoing acquisition, interpretation, and synthesis of patient data obtained from clinical trials.

Quoted from the NCI Thesaurus.

Clinical Trials Monitoring Branch CTMB  
The CTMB is responsible for on-site auditing of all clinical trials sponsored by the Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program (CTEP) / Division of Cancer Treatment (DCTD), NCI and the auditing of selected cancer prevention trials sponsored by the Division of Cancer Prevention (DCP). This includes all trials conducted by the Network Groups/NCORPs and studies conducted at Cancer Centers or other individual institutions which utilize DCTD, NCI-sponsored investigational agents.

For additional information, visit the CTMB.

Clinical Trials Reporting
New HHS rule and NIH policy, effective January 18, 2017, affects all NIH-funded clinical trials. Under the NIH Policy, all clinical trials funded in whole or in part by NIH, regardless of study phase or type of intervention will be expected to register at ClinicalTrials.gov and report findings. Read the summary. For information about ClinicalTrials.gov, the NIH Policy on the Dissemination of NIH-Funded Clinical Trial Information, and the expansion of the Food and Drug Administration Amendments Act (FDAAA) of 2007 (Clinical Trials Registration and Results Information Submission) click here.

Quoted from NIH Research Involving Human Subjects Clinical Trials webpage.

See Also: Clinical Trials Reporting Program
Clinical Trials Reporting Program CTRP  
NCI's Clinical Trials Reporting Program maintains a comprehensive database of information on all NCI-supported interventional clinical trials open to accrual as of January 1, 2009. This database, also referred to as CTRP, helps identify gaps and duplicate studies in clinical research, facilitates clinical trial prioritization, and standardizes trial data capture and sharing.

NCI expects Clinical Trials Reporting Program (CTRP) registration for all NCI-supported interventional clinical trials open to accrual as of January 1, 2009.

Per NCI CTRP and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCI cannot submit data to ClinicalTrials.gov on behalf of NCI awardees.

See: Clinical Trials Reporting
ClinicalTrials.gov
ClinicalTrials.gov is a Web-based resource that provides patients, their family members, health care professionals, researchers, and the public with easy access to information on publicly and privately supported clinical studies on a wide range of diseases and conditions. The Web site is maintained by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Information on ClinicalTrials.gov is provided and updated by the sponsor or principal investigator of the clinical study. Studies are generally submitted to the Web site (that is, registered) when they begin, and the information on the site is updated throughout the study. In some cases, results of the study are submitted after the study ends. This Web site and database of clinical studies is commonly referred to as a "registry and results database."

Excerpted from the ClinicalTrials.gov Background webpage.

Close Date or Closing Date
The Close Date of a funding opportunity announcement is the date the funding agency lists in Grants.gov as the last submission due date for the announcement.

Quoted from the NIH OER Glossary & Acronym List.

See Also: Due Date
Closed Session
A portion of an advisory committee meeting that is closed to the public in accordance with the provisions set forth in the Federal Advisory Committee Act – 5 U.S.C. app.§10(d).
Closeout
The process by which the Federal awarding agency or pass-through entity determines that all applicable administrative actions and all required work of the Federal award have been completed and takes actions as described in 45 CFR 75.381.

Quoted from the NIH OER Glossary & Acronym List.

Co-Funding
Funding arrangement through which two or more Institutes or Centers pay for a grant.

Quoted from the NIH OER Glossary & Acronym List.

Co-Investigator
An individual involved with the PD/PI in the scientific development or execution of a project. The Co-Investigator (collaborator) may be employed by, or be affiliated with, the applicant/recipient organization or another organization participating in the project under a consortium agreement. A Co-Investigator typically devotes a specified percentage of time to the project and is considered senior/key personnel. The designation of a Co-Investigator, if applicable, does not affect the PD/PI's roles and responsibilities as specified in the NIH Grants Policy Statement, nor is it a role implying multiple PD/PI.

Quoted from the NIH OER Glossary & Acronym List.

Co-Sponsorship
The term "co-sponsorship" refers to the joint development of a conference, seminar, symposium, educational program, public information campaign, or similar event related to the mission of the Department, by HHS and one or more non-Federal entities that share a mutual interest in the subject matter.

Quoted from the HHS ACF Common Ethics Concerns webpage.

Code of Federal Regulations CFR  
The Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) annual edition is the codification of the general and permanent rules published in the Federal Register by the departments and agencies of the Federal Government. It is divided into 50 titles that represent broad areas subject to Federal regulation. The 50 subject matter titles contain one or more individual volumes, which are updated once each calendar year, on a staggered basis. The annual update cycle is as follows: titles 1-16 are revised as of January 1; titles 17-27 are revised as of April 1; titles 28-41 are revised as of July 1; and titles 42-50 are revised as of October 1. Each title is divided into chapters, which usually bear the name of the issuing agency. Each chapter is further subdivided into parts that cover specific regulatory areas. Large parts may be subdivided into subparts. All parts are organized in sections, and most citations to the CFR refer to material at the section level.
Coded
With respect to private information or human biological specimens, coded means that:
  • identifying information (such as name or social security number) that would enable the investigator to readily ascertain the identity of the individual to whom the private information or specimens pertain has been replaced with a number, letter, symbol or combination thereof (i.e., the code); and
  • a key to decipher the code exists, enabling linkage of the identifying information with the private information or specimens.

Research that involves only coded private information/data or coded human biological specimens may not constitute human subjects research under the HHS human subjects regulations (45 CFR 46) if:

  • the specimens and/or information/data are not obtained from an interaction/intervention with the subject specifically for the research; and
  • the investigator(s) cannot readily ascertain the identity of the individual(s) to whom the coded private information or specimens pertain (e.g., the researcher's access to subject identities is prohibited).
Individuals who provide coded information or specimens for proposed research and who also collaborate on the research involving such information or specimens are considered to be involved in the conduct of human subject research.

(See the following guidance from the Office for Human Research Protections (OHRP) for additional information and examples: https://www.hhs.gov/ohrp/policy/cdebiol.html.)

Quoted from the NIH OER Glossary & Acronym List.

Collaborations: Intramural and Extramural Scientists
See: Cooperative Agreement
Collaborator
Any of two or more parties working jointly towards a common goal.

Quoted from the NCI Thesaurus.

Commerce Business Daily CBD  
The Commerce Buisness Daily (CBD) was used as point of entry for Federal acquisitions, but it no longer exists; it has been replaced by FedBizOpps.
Commercial Evaluation License CEL  
Commercial Evaluation Licenses grant to the licensee the nonexclusive right to make and use, but not sell, the technology for the purpose of evaluating its commercial potential. The license is for a limited number of months, and companies are required to obtain a commercial patent license from the NCI Technology Transfer Center for further use and/or development of the technology.

Visit the NCI Technology Transfer Center website for further information.

Commercial Organization
An organization, institution, corporation, or other legal entity, including, but not limited to, partnerships, sole proprietorships, and limited liability companies, that is organized or operated for the profit or benefit of its shareholders or other owners. The term includes small and large businesses and is used interchangeably with "for-profit organization."

Quoted from the NIH OER Glossary & Acronym List.

Commercialization
The process of developing products, processes, technologies, or services and the production and delivery (whether by the originating party or others) of the products, processes, technologies, or services for sale to or use by the Federal government or commercial markets.

Quoted from the NIH OER Glossary & Acronym List.

Commercialization Accelerator Program CAP  
The NIH Commercialization Accelerator Program (CAP), offered annually since 2004 (previously known as the Commercialization Assistance Program), is designed to help some of the agency's most promising small life science and healthcare Phase II awardees develop their commercial businesses and transition their SBIR/STTR-funded technologies into the marketplace. Applicants are selected via a competitive process for a limited number of slots in the program.

For additional information see the NIH Commercialization Accelerator Program (CAP) webpage.

Commitment Base
Funds used for noncompeting (type 5 or ongoing awards), typically 70-80 percent of the dollars spent for research project grants.

Quoted from the NIH OER Glossary & Acronym List.

Commitment Overlap
Commitment overlap occurs when a person's time commitment exceeds 100 percent, whether or not salary support is requested in the application. While information on other support is only requested for key personnel (excluding consultants), no individuals on the project may have commitments in excess of 100 percent.

Quoted from NIH Guide Notice NOT-OD-03-029.

See Also: Overlap of Support Scientific Overlap
Committee Management Office CMO  
The Division of Extramural Activities (DEA) Committee Management Office (CMO) provides oversight of all NCI-chartered advisory boards and committees, working groups, task forces, and chartered review groups. The CMO also serves as an NIH service center for the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), ant the NIH Council of Councils(CoC). The CMO provides policy guidance and assistance to ensure that the NCI and client HHS/NIH Institutes, Centers, and Offices operate in accordance with the Federal Advisory Committee Act (FACA), the Government in Sunshine Act, and various other policies, procedures, and guidelines.

Quoted from the NCI DEA Annual Report 2015 – "The RAS Initiative".

Committee Management Officer CMO  
NIH CMO: The NIH Committee Management Officer is responsible for managing the implementation of the Federal Advisory Committee Act. The NIH CMO is responsible for developing and managing all committee management policy and procedure development for dissemination to all NIH IC staff as well as to Federal advisory committee members. The CMO reviews and finalizes all advisory committee charters and nomination slates for approval by the Secretary, DHHS or the Director, NIH and insures an accurate presentation of NIH committee activity on a public website managed by the General Services Administration.

I/C CMO: Each IC has a CMO or uses the resources of a service center to support the committee management function within the Institute or Center. The IC CMO is responsible for developing charters for committees, preparing nomination and appointment documents for membership to committees, providing technical assistance to committee members, providing initial review of conflict of interest disclosures and other responsibilities.

Quoted from the NIH OER Glossary & Acronym List.

Common Accounting Number CAN  
The identification number of the specific IC account to be charged for the acquisition of supplies, services or equipment. This is sometimes referred to as accounting and appropriation data, or a fund cite.

Quoted from the NIH OAMP Acquisition Process Mapping Glossary.

Common Carrier
Private-sector supplier of air, rail or bus transportation.

Quoted from §300-3.1 of the Federal Travel Regulation.

Common Data Elements CDEs  
Data terms or concepts that have been determined to be identical between projects or contexts.

Quoted from the NCI Thesaurus.

Common Rule
The Federal Policy for the Protection of Human Subjects or the "Common Rule" was published in 1991 and codified in separate regulations by 15 Federal departments and agencies,

The HHS regulations, 45 CFR part 46, include five subparts:

  • subpart A, also known as the Federal Policy or the "Common Rule";
  • subpart B, additional protections for pregnant women, human fetuses, and neonates;
  • subpart C, additional protections for prisoners; and
  • subpart D, additional protections for children.
  • subpart E. Registration of Institutional Review Boards

Quoted from the HHS Office for Human Research Protections website.

Common Scientific Outline CSO  
The NCI Common Scientific Outline (CSO) is a classification system organized around seven broad areas of scientific interest in cancer research to lay the framework for better coordination among research organizations and funding agencies: cancer biology; cancer etiology; cancer prevention; cancer early detection, diagnosis, and prognosis; cancer treatment; cancer control, survivorship, and outcomes research; and scientific model systems. The NCI research portfolio is organized around the CSO categories.

Quoted from the NCI Thesaurus.

Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events CTCAE  
The NCI Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) is a descriptive terminology which can be utilized for Adverse Event (AE) reporting. A grading (severity) scale is provided for each AE term.

The CTC/CTCAE Dictionary and Index is a web-base application to assist in locating appropriate adverse event terms.

Commons
Short for Electronic Research Administration (eRA) Commons
See: Electronic Research Administration Commons
Communication Channel
The route of message delivery (e.g., mass media channels include television, radio, newspapers, magazines; interpersonal channels include health professional to patient; community channels include community events, such as health fairs or sporting events).

For additional information on Health Communication Strategies, see the following NCI publications: "Making DataTalk: A Workbook" and "Making Health Communication Programs Work (Pink Book)".

Community Clinical Oncology Program CCOP  
See: NCI Community Oncology Research Program
Community Networks Program CNP  
See: Community Networks Program Centers
Community Networks Program Centers CNPC  
Community Networks Program Centers (CNPC) are partnerships on a large regional- and national-partnership scale. CNPCs continue the work of the Community Networks Program (CNP), which ended in 2010. A CNPC is headquartered at an academic institution or community-based organization and works closely with the local community to identify its cancer disparity problems and cancer prevention and control needs, and to develop culturally sensitive interventions specific to that community.

For additional informantion, visit the Community Networks Program Centers (CNPC) webpage.

Community-Based Organization CBO  
A public or private nonprofit organization that is representative of a community or a significant segment of a community and works to meet community needs.

Quoted from the NIH AIDSinfo Glossary.

Compassionate Use Trial
A way to provide an investigational therapy to a patient who is not eligible to receive that therapy in a clinical trial, but who has a serious or life-threatening illness for which other treatments are not available. Compassionate use trials allow patients to receive promising but not yet fully studied or approved cancer therapies when no other treatment option exists. Also called expanded access trial.

Quoted from the NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms.

Competing Application
New or renewal applications that must undergo initial peer review.

Quoted from the NIH OER Glossary & Acronym List.

Competing Continuation
See: Renewal Application
Competing Research Project Grant
An application for a Research Project Grant requiring peer review, as opposed to a non-competing continuation.

Quoted from the NIH OER Glossary & Acronym List.

Competing Revision
A competing revision is a request for an increase in support in a current budget period for expansion of the project's approved scope or research protocol. Applicants must apply and undergo peer review.
See: Revision
Competition Advocate
See: Advocates for Competition
Competition in Contracting Act
The Competition in Contracting Act (CICA) of 1984 generally governs competition in federal procurement contracting. Any procurement contract not entered into through the use of procurement procedures expressly authorized by a particular statute is subject to CICA. CICA requires that contracts be entered into after "full and open competition through the use of competitive procedures" unless certain circumstances exist that would permit agencies to use noncompetitive procedures. Full and open competition can be obtained through the use of sealed bids, competitive proposals, or other procures defined as competitive under CICA (e.g. procurement of architectural or engineering services under the Brooks Act). Full and open competition under CICA also encompasses "full and open competition after exclusion of sources," such as results when agencies engage in dual sourcing or set aside acquisitions for small businesses.

Quoted from the Summary of the Congressional Research Service's Competition in Federal Contracting: An Overview of the Legal Requirements.

Competitive Proposal
One of the proposals received in response to a solicitation that has a real and reasonable chance of being selected for award of the contract.

Quoted from the NIH OAMP Acquisition Process Mapping Glossary.

Competitive Range
The most highly rated technically acceptable proposals unless the range is further reduced for efficiency (see FAR 15.306(c)).

Quoted from NIH Policy Manual Chapter 6315-1.

Competitive Revision
A request for (or the award of) additional funds during a current project period to support new or additional activities which are not identified in the current award that reflect an expansion of the scope of the grant-approved activities. Competitive revisions require peer review.

Quoted from the NIH OER Glossary & Acronym List.

Competitive Segment
The initial project period recommended for support (in general, up to 5 years) or each extension of a project period resulting from a renewal award.

Quoted from the NIH OER Glossary & Acronym List.

Complementary Funding
Separate funding by two or more awarding agencies of individual projects or activities that relate to each other
Component
For the purposes of applications and progress reports, a component is a distinct, reviewable part of a multi-project application or progress report for which there is a business need to gather detailed information identified in the funding opportunity announcement (FOA). Components typically include general information (component organization, project period, project title, etc.), performance sites, personnel, and budget. The FOA defines the construction and naming convention for the application; the funded application defines the construction and naming convention for the progress report. Components may also be referred to as "cores" or "projects." Note, for RPPR Question G.9, the term "foreign component" is distinct from "component" as defined here. However, a "foreign component" may also be a "component" in the RPPR. (See definition of foreign component for more information).

Quoted from the NIH OER Glossary & Acronym List.

Component Type
A "component type" is a named, agency-defined collection of forms that may be repeated within a multi-project grant application.

For example, a specific multi-project application includes one Administrative Core, two Core and three Project components. In this example, the application includes 6 components using three different component types (Administrative Core, Core, Project).

'Overall' is a special component type, used by the applicant organization, with a single occurrence in every multi-project grant application. The Overall component typically contains information about the application as a whole and how the various other components fit together.

Quoted from the NIH OER Glossary & Acronym List.

Comprehensive Cancer Centers
A cancer research center that gets support from the National Cancer Institute (NCI) to do cancer research and provide services directly to cancer patients. Scientists and doctors at these centers do basic laboratory research and clinical trials, and they study the patterns, causes, and control of cancer in groups of people. Also, they take part in multicenter clinical trials, which enroll patients from many parts of the country. Comprehensive Cancer Centers also give cancer information to health care professionals and the public. More information about the NCI Cancer Centers Program can be found on NCI's Office of Cancer Centers Web site .

Quoted from the NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms.

Comprehensiveness
Demonstrated reasonable depth and breadth of research activities in each of three major areas: basic laboratory; clinical; and prevention, control and population-based research, and which have substantial transdisciplinary research that bridges these scientific areas;
Computerized Axial Tomography Scan CAT   CT  
A procedure that uses a computer linked to an x-ray machine to make a series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body. The pictures are taken from different angles and are used to create 3-dimensional (3-D) views of tissues and organs. A dye may be injected into a vein or swallowed to help the tissues and organs show up more clearly. A computed tomography scan may be used to help diagnose disease, plan treatment, or find out how well treatment is working. Also called CAT scan, computerized axial tomography scan, computerized tomography, and CT scan.

Quoted from the NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms.

Concept
The earliest planning stage of an initiative [request for applications (RFA), request for proposals (RFP), or program announcement (PA)]. Concepts are brought before the Advisory Council for concept clearance. Not all concepts cleared by Council are published as initiatives depending on the availability of funds.

Quoted from the NIH OER Glossary & Acronym List.

Concept Review
Grants: Each IC must document the clearance of RFA concepts, i.e., purpose, scope, and objectives. This clearance must include advice from the public and may be obtained through, for example, consultation with national advisory councils and advisory boards, Congressional mandate, or workshops convened specifically for advisory purposes. The purpose of the PA must include programmatic justification of the mechanisms to be included. (§G.2.a. of NIH Policy Manual Chapter 54110)

Contracts: NIH Scientific Peer Review regulations require that ICs obtain peer review of each R&D contract project concept before issuing a Request for Proposals for biomedical and behavioral research (42 CFR 52h.10). The concept identifies the basic purpose, scope and objectives of the project. (§E.1.a. of NIH Policy Manual Chapter 6315-1)

Concept to Award Tracking System CATS  
The Concept to Award Tracking System (CATS) follows the progress of concepts from creation to final approval. The CATS application tracks the creation of a new concept, editing and submitting the concept for the director's approval. Then as part of the process, the concepts are presented at the Scientific Program Leaders (SPL) and the Board of Scientific Advisors (BSA) meetings. CATS schedules the presentations, stores the presentation materials, and records the decisions and comments. CATS also tracks the Funding Opportunity Announcements (FOA) / Program Announcements (PA) that are produced after a concept is approved.
Concern
In the context of research involving human subjects and/or vertebrate animals, a concern is an issue so critical that it must be resolved before funds can be awarded.
See Also: Human Subjects Concern Vertebrate Animal Concern
Concurrence
Agreement or union in action; agreement of opinion.
Conference Grant
A grant whose purpose is to support activities related to the conduct of a conference(s) or defined set of conference-related activities.

Quoted from the NIH OER Glossary & Acronym List.

Conflict of Interest COI  
Conflict of Interest is a cross-cutting issue that affects many policy areas such as peer review, financial conflict of interest, and responsible conduct of research. There are different uses of this term. It generally means that a competing personal interest could affect, or could appear to affect, an individual's judgment or could cause the individual's impartiality to be questioned. Conflicts of Interest (actual or potential) may arise in the objective review process or in other activities or phases of the financial assistance process. See also Financial Conflict of Interest for a specific definition covering that policy area.

Quoted from the NIH OER Glossary & Acronym List.

For additional information, visit the Managing Conflict of Interest in NIH Peer Review of Grants and Contracts webpage.

Congressional Requests (Inquiries)
The legislative branch of our Federal government has intense interest in the work conducted by the Department of Health and Human Services. Like the public, Members of Congress and their staff frequently direct letters, emails, and phone calls to the Department that require timely and responsive reply.

Quoted from the 2016 HHS Open Government Plan Section 3.10 "Congressional Requests" webpage.

Consolidated Services Contracts
See: Indefinite Quantity Contract
Consolidation or consolidated requirement
"Consolidation or consolidated requirement" —
  • (1) Means a solicitation for a single contract, a multiple-award contract, a task order, or a delivery order to satisfy —
    • (i) Two or more requirements of the Federal agency for supplies or services that have been provided to or performed for the Federal agency under two or more separate contracts, each of which was lower in cost than the total cost of the contract for which offers are solicited; or
    • (ii) Requirements of the Federal agency for construction projects to be performed at two or more discrete sites.
  • (2) "Separate contract" as used in this definition, means a contract that has been performed by any business, including small and other than small business concerns.
Quoted from §2.101 of the Federal Acquisition Regulation.
Consortium Agreement
A formalized agreement whereby a research project is carried out by the recipient and one or more other organizations that are separate legal entities. Under the agreement, the recipient must perform a substantive role in the conduct of the planned research and not merely serve as a conduit of funds to another party or parties. These agreements typically involve a specific level of effort from the consortium organization's PD/PI and a categorical breakdown of costs, such as personnel, supplies, and other allowable expenses, including F&A costs. The relationship between the recipient and the collaborating organizations is considered a subaward relationship. (See the NIH Grants Policy Statement: 15 Consortium Agreements).

Quoted from the NIH OER Glossary & Acronym List.

Consortium Contractual Arrangements
An agreement whereby a research project is carried out by the grantee and one or more other organizations that are separate legal entities. In this arrangement, the grantee contracts for the performance of a substantial and/or significant portion of the activities to be conducted under the grant. These agreements typically involve a specific percent of effort from the consortium organization's Principal Investigator and a categorical breakdown of costs, such as personnel, supplies, and other allowable expenses, including indirect costs.
Consortium Grant
A grant made to one institution in support of a research project, in which the project is carried out through a collaborative arrangement between the grantee institution and one or more participating institutions.
Constant Dollars
Dollar amounts adjusted for inflation, based on buying power in a selected base year. The Biomedical Research and Development Price Index (BRDPI) is used to determine constant dollars from current dollars.

Quoted from the NIH OER Glossary & Acronym List.

Construction Grants
See: Research Construction Programs
Constructive Change
During contract performance, the contracting officer or other authorized government official's oral or written act, which has the same effect as a written change order.

See also §43.104 of the Federal Acquisition Regulation.

Consultant
An individual who provides professional advice or services for a fee, but normally not as an employee of the engaging party. In unusual situations, an individual may be both a consultant and an employee of the same party, receiving compensation for some services as a consultant and for other work as a salaried employee. To prevent apparent or actual conflicts of interest, recipients and consultants must establish written guidelines indicating the conditions of payment of consulting fees. Consultants also include firms that provide professional advice or services. (See NIH Grants Policy Statement: 7 Cost Considerations 7.9 Allowability of Costs/Activities 7.9.1 Selected Items of Cost Consultant Services)

Quoted from the NIH OER Glossary & Acronym List.

Consumer Advocates in Research and Related Activities CARRA  
See: Office of Advocacy Relations
Consumer Health Profiles
Give a portrait of the intended audience segments most in need of cancer prevention and detection messages.
Consumer Price Index CPI  
Measurement of changes in prices of a broad range of consumer items.

Quoted from the NIH OER Glossary & Acronym List.

Contact PD/PI
When multiple PD/PIs are designated, NIH requires that the applicant organization identify one of the PD/PIs as the Contact PD/PI to serve as a primary point of contact. Serving as Contact PD/PI confers no special authorities or responsibilities within the project team. The Contact PD/PI must meet all eligibility requirements for PD/PI status. However, as with the single PD/PI model, if the Contact PD/PI is not an employee, the applicant organization must have a formal written agreement with the Contact PD/PI that specifies an official relationship between the parties. (See NIH Grants Policy Statement: 9 Multiple Program director/Principal Investigator Applications and Awards)

Quoted from the NIH OER Glossary & Acronym List.

Contiguous United States CONUS  
"Contiguous United States (CONUS)" means the 48 contiguous States and the District of Columbia.

Quoted from §2.101 of the Federal Acquisition Regulation.

See Also: Continental United States
Continental United States CONUS  
"Continental United States" means the several States and the District of Columbia, but does not include Alaska or Hawaii. (5 USC §5701.Defintiions(6))

Continental United States (CONUS)–The 48 contiguous States and the District of Columbia.(§300–3.1 of the Federal Travel Regulation)

See: Contiguous United States
Continuing Education Training Program T15  
The Continuing Education Training Program (T15) assists professional schools and other public and nonprofit institutions to establish, expand, or improve programs of continuing professional education, especially for programs of extensive continuation, extension, or refresher education dealing with new developments in the science of technology of the profession.
Continuing Resolution CR  
An appropriation act that provides budget authority for federal agencies, specific activities, or both to continue in operation when Congress and the President have not completed action on the regular appropriation acts by the beginning of the fiscal year. Enacted in the form of a joint resolution, a continuing resolution is passed by both houses of Congress and signed into law by the President. A continuing resolution may be enacted for the full year, up to a specified date, or until regular appropriations are enacted. A continuing resolution usually specifies a maximum rate at which the obligations may be incurred based on levels specified in the resolution. For example, the resolution may state that obligations may not exceed the current rate or must be the lower of the amounts provided in the appropriation bills passed in the House or Senate. If enacted to cover the entire fiscal year, the resolution will usually specify amounts provided for each appropriation account.

Quoted from the GAO's "A Glossary of Terms Used in the Federal Budget Process".

Continuing Umbrella of Research Experiences CURE  
The Center to Reduce Cancer Health Disparities' (CRCHD) Continuing Umbrella of Research Experiences (CURE) program offers unique training and career development opportunities to enhance and increase diversity in the cancer and cancer health disparities research workforce. The CURE program identifies promising candidates from high school through junior investigator levels, and provides them with a continuum of competitive funding opportunities.

The CURE-funded training opportunities are designed to:

  • Support high school and undergraduate students interested in cancer and cancer health disparities research to enter the research field, work directly with scientists and community leaders, gain laboratory experience, and develop research skills.
  • Assist graduate students pursuing a Ph.D. degree, combined M.D./Ph.D. degree, or other formally combined health professional degree and research doctoral degree to obtain funding for cancer or cancer health disparities research.
  • Facilitate the transition of postdoctoral scholars pursuing a career in cancer and cancer health disparities research into becoming funded investigators.
  • Support junior investigators working in cancer and cancer health disparities research who are seeking research opportunities in biomedical, behavioral, or clinical sciences that lead to research independence.

For additional information, visit the NCI CRCHD's Continuing Umbrella of Research Experiences website.

Contract
"Contract" means a mutually binding legal relationship obligating the seller to furnish the supplies or services (including construction) and the buyer to pay for them. It includes all types of commitments that obligate the Government to an expenditure of appropriated funds and that, except as otherwise authorized, are in writing. In addition to bilateral instruments, contracts include (but are not limited to) awards and notices of awards; job orders or task letters issued under basic ordering agreements; letter contracts; orders, such as purchase orders, under which the contract becomes effective by written acceptance or performance; and bilateral contract modifications. Contracts do not include grants and cooperative agreements covered by 31 U.S.C. 6301, et seq. For discussion of various types of contracts, see part 16.

Quoted from §2.101 of the Federal Acquisition Regulation.

A legal instrument by which a non-Federal entity purchases property or services needed to carry out the project or program under a Federal award. The term as used in this part does not include a legal instrument, even if the non-Federal entity considers it a contract, when the substance of the transaction meets the definition of a Federal award or subaward

Quoted from 45 CFR §75.2.

See Also: Subaward Federal Award Research and Development Contract Proposal
Contract Closeout
See: Closeout
Contract Modification
Any written change in the terms of a contract (see Part 43 of the Federal Acquisitition Regulation).

Quoted from the NIH OAMP Acquisition Process Mapping Glossary.

Contract Proposal
See: Proposal
Contract Proposal Evaluation and Source Selection
See: Proposal Evaluation
See Also: Technical Proposal Evaluation
Contract Specialist CS  
The NIH Contract Specialist manages, performs, and/or develops policies and procedures for work involving the procurement of supplies, services, construction, or research and development using formal advertising or negotiation procedures; the evaluation of contract price proposals; and the administration or termination and close out of contracts.

Quoted from jobs@NIH.

Contract Suspension
See: Suspension (Contract)
Contract Transaction Types
  • Type 1 - New contract
  • Type 2 - Renewal
  • Type 3 - Modification
  • Type 4 - Letter contract
  • Type 5 - Continuation of an incrementally (typically, in one-year increments) funded contract
  • Type 6 - Task orders and subsequent modifications relating to existing ordering agreements
  • Type 7 - Exercise of option

Quoted from the NIH OER Glossary & Acronym List.

Contract Under an Award
See: Subaward
Contracting Officer CO  
"Contracting officer" means a person with the authority to enter into, administer, and/or terminate contracts and make related determinations and findings. The term includes certain authorized representatives of the contracting officer acting within the limits of their authority as delegated by the contracting officer. "Administrative contracting officer (ACO)" refers to a contracting officer who is administering contracts. "Termination contracting officer (TCO)" refers to a contracting officer who is settling terminated contracts. A single contracting officer may be responsible for duties in any or all of these areas. Reference in this regulation (48 CFR Chapter 1) to administrative contracting officer or termination contracting officer does not —
  • (1) Require that a duty be performed at a particular office or activity; or
  • (2) Restrict in any way a contracting officer in the performance of any duty properly assigned.

Quoted from the §2.101 of the Federal Acquisition Regulation.

Contracting Officer's Representative COR  
Contracting Officer's Representative (COR) is a Federal employee designated in writing by a contracting officer to act as the contracting officer's representative in monitoring and administering specified aspects of contractor performance after award of a contract or order. In accordance with local procedures, operating divisions (OPDIVs) or staff divisions (STAFFDIVs) may designate CORs for firm fixed-price contracts or orders. COR's responsibilities may include verifying that:
  • (1) The contractor's performance meets the standards set forth in the contract or order;
  • (2) The contractor meets the contract or order's technical requirements by the specified delivery date(s) or within the period of performance; and
  • (3) The contractor performs within cost ceiling stated in the contract or order. CORs must meet the training and certification requirements specified in 301.604.

Quoted from the §302.101(b) of the HHS Acquisition Regulation (HHSAR).

Contracting Officer's Technical Representative COTR  
See: Project Officer
Contractor
Contractor means an entity that receives a contract as defined in Contract.

Quoted from 45 CFR §75.2.

Contractor-Acquired Property
"Contractor-acquired property" means property acquired, fabricated, or otherwise provided by the contractor for performing a contract and to which the Government has title.

Quoted from: §45.101 of the Federal Acquisition Regulation.

Control Group
In a clinical trial, the group that does not receive the new treatment being studied. This group is compared to the group that receives the new treatment, to see if the new treatment works.

Quoted from the NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms.

See Also: Experimental Group
Cooperative Agreement
Cooperative agreement means a legal instrument of financial assistance between a Federal awarding agency or pass-through entity and a non-Federal entity that, consistent with 31 U.S.C. §6302‐6305:
  • (1) Is used to enter into a relationship the principal purpose of which is to transfer anything of value from the Federal awarding agency or pass through entity to the non-Federal entity to carry out a public purpose authorized by a law of the United States (see 31 U.S.C. §6101(3)); and not to acquire property or services for the Federal government or pass-through entity's direct benefit or use;
  • (2) Is distinguished from a grant in that it provides for substantial involvement between the Federal awarding agency or pass-through entity and the non-Federal entity in carrying out the activity contemplated by the Federal award.
  • (3) The term does not include:
    • (i) development agreement as defined in 15 U.S.C. §3710a; or
    • (ii) An agreement that provides only:
      • (A) Direct United States Government cash assistance to an individual;
      • (B) A subsidy;
      • (C) A loan;
      • (D) A loan guarantee; or
      • (E) Insurance.

Quoted from 45 CFR §75.2.

See Also: Federal Award Grant Agreement
Cooperative Clinical Research - Cooperative Agreements U10  
To support clinical evaluation of various methods of therapy and/or prevention in specific disease areas. These represent cooperative programs between sponsoring institutions and participating principal investigators, and are usually conducted under established protocols.

For additional information, visit the NCI Grant Activity Codes/Mechanisms webpage.

Cooperative Human Tissue Network CHTN  
The Cooperative Human Tissue Network (CHTN) was initiated in 1987 by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Cancer Diagnosis Program to provide increased access to human tissue for basic and applied science from academia and industry to accelerate the advancement of discoveries in cancer diagnosis and treatment. The CHTN operates on a unique prospective procurement model rather than a banking model and focuses on being user friendly. While a bank collects, processes and stores specimens in a "one-shoe-fits all" approach, the CHTN staff work closely with each investigator to tailor the collection, processing, temporary storage and distribution of tissues in order to meet his/her exact needs and to support his/her research in a timely manner. A diagnostic pathologist reviews each request and can help investigators select the proper tissues and protocols to support their research. All tissues distributed must meet quality assurance/control standards, ensuring investigators a high quality product. The CHTN has pioneered the use of quality assurance/control methods in tissue resources and has trained personnel at other tissue resources in the importance of quality control of tissues used in research.
Cooperative Research And Development Agreement CRADA  
Any agreement between one or more NIH laboratories and one or more non-Federal parties under which the PHS, through its laboratories, provides personnel, services, facilities, equipment, or other resources with or without reimbursement (but not funds to non-Federal parties) and the non-Federal parties provide funds, personnel, services, facilities, equipment, or other resources toward the conduct of specified research or development efforts which are consistent with the missions of the laboratory.

Quoted from the NIH OER Glossary & Acronym List.

Visit the NIH Office of Technology Transfer's Cooperative Research and Development Agreements (CRADAs) webpage for additional information.

Coordinating Center for Clinical Trials CCCT  
NCI's Coordinating Center for Clinical Trials (CCCT) facilitates efforts across NCI to enhance the effectiveness of the NCI's clinical trials enterprise through collaboration and harmonization among NCI programs and extramural stakeholder communities.
Core Director
The investigator responsible for the scientific direction and conduct of a core component of a multi-component application.
See Also: Component Component Type Multi-Project Grant Application
Core Facility
Core facilities are centralized shared research resources that provide access to instruments, technologies, services, as well as expert consultation and other services to scientific and clinical investigators. The typical core facility is a discrete unit within an institution and may have dedicated personnel, equipment, and space for operations. In general, core facilities recover their cost, or a portion of their cost, of providing service in the form of user fees that are charged to an investigator's funds, often to NIH or other federal grants.

Excerpted from the NIH OER Funding FAQs - Core Facilities webpage.

Cost Allocation Services CAS  
Cost Allocation Service (CAS) Cost Allocation Services (CAS) is located within the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), Program Support Center (PSC). HHS is designated by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) as the cognizant federal agency for reviewing and negotiating facility and administrative (indirect) cost rates, fringe benefit rates, special rates as determined to be appropriate, research patient care rates, statewide cost allocation plans and public assistance cost allocation plans. These indirect cost rates and cost allocation plans are used by grantee institutions to charge Federal programs for administrative and facility costs associated with conducting Federal programs.
Cost Analysis
Cost analysis is the review and evaluation of any separate cost elements and profit or fee in an offeror's or contractor's proposal, as needed to determine a fair and reasonable price or to determine cost realism, and the application of judgment to determine how well the proposed costs represent what the cost of the contract should be, assuming reasonable economy and efficiency.

Quoted from §15.404-1(c)of the Federal Acquisition Regulation.

Cost Estimate
Cost estimating involves collecting and analyzing historical data and applying quantitative models, techniques, tools, and databases to predict a program's future cost. More simply, cost estimating combines science and art to predict the future cost of something based on known historical data that are adjusted to reflect new materials, technology, software languages, and development teams.

Quoted from the GAO Cost Estimating and Assessment Guide.

Cost Overrun
When the allowable actual cost of performing a cost-reimbursement type contract is expected to exceed the total estimated cost specified in the contract.

Quoted from the NIH OER Glossary & Acronym List.

Cost Reimbursement Contract or Cost Reimbursement
Cost-reimbursement types of contracts provide for payment of allowable incurred costs, to the extent prescribed in the contract. These contracts establish an estimate of total cost for the purpose of obligating funds and establishing a ceiling that the contractor may not exceed (except at its own risk) without the approval of the contracting officer.

Quoted from the §16.3 of the Federal Acquisition Regulation.

Most Research and Development (R&D) contracts are cost-reimbursement

Cost Sharing
See: Matching or Cost Sharing
Cost-Plus-Fixed-Fee Contract
A cost-plus-fixed-fee contract is a cost-reimbursement contract that provides for payment to the contractor of a negotiated fee that is fixed at the inception of the contract. The fixed fee does not vary with actual cost, but may be adjusted as a result of changes in the work to be performed under the contract. This contract type permits contracting for efforts that might otherwise present too great a risk to contractors, but it provides the contractor only a minimum incentive to control costs.

Quoted from §16.306 of the Federal Acquisition Regulation.

Cost-Sharing Contract
A cost-sharing contract is a cost-reimbursement contract in which the contractor receives no fee and is reimbursed only for an agreed-upon portion of its allowable costs.

Quoted from §16.303 of the Federal Acquisition Regulation.

Cost-type Contract
A contract or subcontract under a grant in which the contractor or subcontractor is paid on the basis of the allowable costs it incurs, with or without a fee.

Quoted from the NIH OER Glossary & Acronym List.

Council Round
At the NIH, there are at least three, and sometimes four, council rounds each fiscal year: October, January, May, and sometimes August. Application receipt dates, initial review dates, and council review dates all fall within one of these council rounds. Incoming grant applications all are assigned to a council round.

Quoted from the NIH OER Glossary & Acronym List.

Council/Board, Advisory
National Advisory Council or Board, mandated by statute, is an advisory committee providing the second level of review for grant applications for each Institute/Center awarding grants. The Councils/Boards are comprised of both scientific and lay representatives. Council/Board recommendations are based on scientific merit (as judged by the initial review groups) and the relevance of the proposed study to an institute's programs and priorities. With some exceptions, grants cannot be awarded without recommendations for approval by a Council/Board.

Quoted from the NIH OER Glossary & Acronym List.

The Advisory Council/Board for the National Cancer Institute is the National Cancer Advisory Board.

For additional information about NIH Advisory Committees, visit the NIH Office of Federal Advisory Committee Policy (OFACP) website.

See: Advisory Committee
Count
Unless noted, the total number of grants shown, excluding administrative supplements.

Quoted from the NIH OER Glossary & Acronym List.

Countersigned
Signing of a document by more than one official, e.g., a training grant program director and the institutional business official.
Cover Letter Attachment
The cover letter is for internal use only and will not be shared with peer reviewers.

Refer to G.200 - SF 424 (R&R) Form Cover Letter Attachment Instructions to find out who must complete the "Cover Letter Attachment" and the information it should contain.

Criteria for Review
See: Review Criteria for Grants
Critique
An overall evaluation of a grant application prepared by a reviewer before an initial peer review meeting and presented to a Scientific Review Group (SRG) at the meeting.

Quoted from the NIH OER Glossary & Acronym List.

See Also: Scientific Review Group
Cultural Competency
The ability to understand, interact, and work well with people of different cultures. In medicine, one goal of cultural competency is to help make sure that the quality of the healthcare is equal among different cultural groups.

Quoted from the NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms.

Cultural Diversity
The inevitable variety in customs, attitudes, practices, and behaviors that exists among groups of individuals from different ethnic, racial, or national backgrounds who come into contact within a social unit, organization, or population.

Quoted from the NCI Thesaurus.

Cultural Sensitivity
Respect for ethnic individuals and for their culture; the recognition that such individuals have cultural health beliefs and practices; the integration of those beliefs and practices in the overall treatment plan for the patient; and the ability to act on behalf of the individual to assure quality health care.
Culture
The beliefs, values, and behaviors that are shared within a group, such as a religious group or a nation. Culture includes language, customs, and beliefs about roles and relationships. In medicine, culture also refers to the growth of microorganisms, such as bacteria and yeast, or human, plant, or animal cells or tissue in the laboratory.

Quoted from the NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms.

Cummulative Budget Section
The Cumulative Budget section is where all values on the are automatically calculated, and the fields are pre-populated on theSF424 (R&R) Application G.300 R&R Budget Form.
Cumulative Inclusion Enrollment Report
The Cumulative Inclusion Enrollment Report is used to report the sex/gender, race, and ethnicity of the actual participants that have been enrolled in the study or if an applicant is proposing a new study using an existing dataset/resource where the participants have already been enrolled.

For more details about completing these forms, please see the Supplemental Instruction Guide.

Quoted from the NIH OER Glossary & Acronym List.

Current Dollars
Actual dollars awarded, without adjustment for inflation.

Quoted from the NIH OER Glossary & Acronym List.