'G' Terms

Gender-based eligibility
A type of eligibility criteria that indicates whether eligibility to participate in a clinical study is based a person's self-representation of gender identity or gender (yes, no). Gender is distinct from sex.

Quoted from the ClinicalTrials.gov Glossary.

See: Sex
General Accountability Office GAO  
The U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) is an independent, nonpartisan agency that works for Congress. Often called the "congressional watchdog," GAO investigates how the federal government spends taxpayer dollars.
General Clinical Research Center GCRC  
General Clinical Research Center grants have been converted to Clinical and Translational Science Award grants.
See: Clinical and Translational Science Awards Program
General Services Administration GSA  
The General Services Administration (GSA) provides workplaces by constructing, managing, and preserving government buildings and by leasing and managing commercial real estate. GSA's acquisition solutions offer private sector professional services, equipment, supplies, and IT to government organizations and the military. GSA also promotes management best practices and efficient government operations through the development of governmentwide policies.
Genes, Environment and Health Initiative GEI  
Supported research to understand the genetic contributions and gene-environment interactions in common disease.

For additional information, see The Genes, Environment and Health Initiative (GEI) archived webpage.

Genome Wide Association Studies GWAS  
A genome-wide association study (GWAS) is an approach used in genetics research to associate specific genetic variations with particular diseases. The method involves scanning the genomes from many different people and looking for genetic markers that can be used to predict the presence of a disease. Once such genetic markers are identified, they can be used to understand how genes contribute to the disease and develop better prevention and treatment strategies.

Quoted from NIH 's National Human Genome Research Institute's Talking Glossary of Genetic Terms.

Geographic Information System GIS  
A Geographic Information System (GIS) consists of an integrated hardware, software, and data system that can capture, manage, analyze, and visualize diverse types of geographical information. GIS systems enable researchers to examine data in unique ways so that they can more readily observe and interpret relationships, patterns, and trends in complicated data sets. The NCI is engaged in a variety of GIS-related activities and initiatives. The NCI GIS site was designed to provide a central source of information about GIS and related resources.

For additional information, visit NCI's Geographic Information System and Science for Cancer Control website.

Good Clinical Practice GCP  
This policy establishes the expectation that all NIH-funded investigators and staff who are involved in the conduct, oversight, or management of clinical trials should be trained in Good Clinical Practice (GCP), consistent with principles of the "International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) E6 (R2)".

The principles of GCP help assure the safety, integrity, and quality of clinical trials. GCP provides a standard for ensuring clinical trial compliance, implementation, data collection, monitoring, and reporting (e.g., safety data, accrual reports, study status, protocol deviations, unanticipated problems, or final data), and outline the responsibilities of Institutional Review Boards (IRBs), investigators, sponsors and monitors. GCP addresses elements related to the design, conduct and reporting (e.g., safety data, accrual reports, study status, protocol deviations, unanticipated problems, or final data) of clinical trials.

Acceptable GCP courses include the "NIAID GCP Learning Center website" and "National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network".

Excerpted from NIH Guide Notice NOT-OD-16-148 "Policy on Good Clinical Practice Training for NIH Awardees Involved in NIH-funded Clinical Trials".

Good Laboratory Practice for Nonclinical Laboratory Studies
21 CFR §58 prescribes good laboratory practices for conducting nonclinical laboratory studies that support or are intended to support applications for research or marketing permits for products regulated by the Food and Drug Administration, including food and color additives, animal food additives, human and animal drugs, medical devices for human use, biological products, and electronic products.
Good Manufacturing Practice
The regulations set forth in this part (21 CFR 210) and in parts 211 , 225, and 226 of this chapter contain the minimum current good manufacturing practice for methods to be used in, and the facilities or controls to be used for, the manufacture, processing, packing, or holding of a drug to assure that such drug meets the requirements of the act as to safety, and has the identity and strength and meets the quality and purity characteristics that it purports or is represented to possess.

The regulations set forth in 21 CFR 212 apply to current good manufacturing practice for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) drugs.

Government Charge Card Coordinator
Person designated to administer the contractor-issued government charge card program, including the processing of applications for the card and answering employee questions.
Government Performance and Results Act GPRA  
The Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA) (Public Law 103-62) is a public bipartisan law passed by Congress in 1993 to improve stewardship in the Federal Government by linking resources and management decisions with program performance.

On January 4, 2011, the President signed into law the GPRA Modernization Act of 2010 (Public Law 111-352).

For additional information, see the NIH Division of Program Coordination, Planning and Strategic Initiatives (DPCPSI), Office of Program Evaluation and Performance, NIH Performance Reporting webpage.

Government Property
Government property means all property owned or leased by the Government. Government property includes both Government-furnished property and contractor-acquired property. Government property includes material, equipment, special tooling, special test equipment, and real property. Government property does not include intellectual property and software.

Quoted from §45.101 of the Federal Acquisition Regulation

Government Publishing Office GPO  
Created by Congress in June 1860, the U.S. Government Printing Office (GPO) began operation on March 4, 1861 with 350 employees. Occupying the corner of North Capitol and H Streets from its inception, GPO continues to adopt the most efficient and cost-effective production methods of delivering authentic and secure government documents and products to the American public. With the increase in digital communication and expanding publishing technologies, GPO has streamlined and transformed from a print-only operation to an integrated publishing organization. On December 17, 2014, Congress redesignated the agency the U.S. Government Publishing Office.
Government Rate
For federal travelers on official business:
  • Lodging at per diem rates, and
  • Transportation at Federal Contract rates.

For additional information, contact your division's travel planner or visit the GSA's Plan and Book webpage.

Government-Furnished Property
"Government-furnished property" means property in the possession of, or directly acquired by, the Government and subsequently furnished to the contractor for performance of a contract. Government-furnished property includes, but is not limited to, spares and property furnished for repair, maintenance, overhaul, or modification. Government-furnished property also includes contractor-acquired property if the contractor-acquired property is a deliverable under a cost contract when accepted by the Government for continued use under the contract.

Quoted from §45.101 of the Federal Acquisition Regulation.

Government-Owned Contractor-Operated Facility GOCO  
As the name implies, the facilities are owned by the government, but are operated by a contractor. The Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (FNLCR), a Federally Funded Research and Development Center (FFRDC), is an example of a government-owned contractor-operated facility.
See Also: Federally Funded Research and Development Center ;  Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research
Governmentwide point of entry GPE  
"Governmentwide point of entry (GPE)" means the single point where Government business opportunities greater than $25,000, including synopses of proposed contract actions, solicitations, and associated information, can be accessed electronically by the public. The GPE is located at http://www.fedbizopps.gov.

Quoted from §2.101 of the Federal Acquisition Regulation.

Grant
Financial assistance mechanism providing money, property, or both to an eligible entity to carry out an approved project or activity. A grant is used whenever the NIH Institute or Center anticipates no substantial programmatic involvement with the recipient during performance of the financially assisted activities.

Quoted from the NIH OER Glossary & Acronym List

For a complete overview of NIH Grants, visit the NIH OER About Grants webpage.

See: Grant Agreement
Grant Agreement
Grant agreement means a legal instrument of financial assistance between a Federal awarding agency or pass-through entity and a non-Federal entity that, consistent with 31 U.S.C. §6302, 31 U.S.C. §6304:

(1) Is used to enter into a relationship the principal purpose of which is to transfer anything of value from the Federal awarding agency or pass-through entity to the non-Federal entity to carry out a public purpose authorized by a law of the United States (see 31 U.S.C. §6101(3)); and not to acquire property or services for the Federal awarding agency or pass-through entity's direct benefit or use;

(2) Is distinguished from a cooperative agreement in that it does not provide for substantial involvement between the Federal awarding agency or pass-through entity and the non-Federal entity in carrying out the activity contemplated by the Federal award.

(3) Does not include an agreement that provides only:

  • (i)   Direct United States Government cash assistance to an individual;
  • (ii)  A subsidy;
  • (iii) A loan;
  • (iv) A loan guarantee; or
  • (v)  Insurance.

Quoted from 45 CFR §75.2.

See Also: Cooperative Agreement ;  Federal Award
Grant Appeals
A DHHS policy providing for an appeal by the grantee institution of post award administrative decisions made by awarding offices. The two levels of appeal are an informal NIH procedure and a formal DHHS procedure. The grantee must first exhaust the informal procedures before appealing to the DHHS Appeals Board. (See Grant Appeals Procedures in the NIH Grants Policy Statement.)

Quoted from the NIH OER Glossary & Acronym List.

Grant Application Form and Instructions
See: Standard Form 424 (Research & Related) [SF424 (R&R)]
Grant Application Guide
Visit the NIH OER Grants Process Overview and the NIH OER How to Apply - Application Guide webpages for information on the steps required for an application to proceed from planning and submission through to award and closeout.
Grant Closeout
The grant closeout process is initiated as soon as grant support ends. Recipients are required to submit all closeout documentation using the eRA Commons no later than 120 days after the expiration of the project period or after the grant transfers to a new institution. If the recipient is delinquent submitting grant closeout reports, the NCI may initiate a Unilateral Closeout action. This is a serious action for the institution and can impact future funding.

See also "Learn more about the grant closeout process".

Quoted from the NCI Grants Process Quick Overview webpage.

See Also: Closeout
Grant Compliance Review
An evaluation by grants management staff to assess an institution's business and financial management systems to ensure that regulations and policies are being followed.

Quoted from the NIH OER Glossary & Acronym List.

Grant Documentation Control Form
See: Green Sheet
Grant Folder
Grant Folder is a shared interface among several eRA applications and serves as the main portal to view official grants—related documents for grant applications.

The Signing Official and PI can view Grant Folder via the Commons PI View.

Excerpted from the eRA Grant Folder – Overview webpage.

Grant Out Years
Term used to reference the years following the first year of funding of a competitive segment, during which the PI applies for a Type 5 Non-Competing Continuation Award.

See NIH OER's Understanding the Out Years.

Grant Project Period
See: Project Period
Grant Review Cycle
See: Review Cycle
Grant Start Date
Official date a grant award begins; same as the first day of the first budget period.

Quoted from the NIH OER Glossary & Acronym List.

See Also: Anniversary Date
Grant Suspension
See: Suspension of Award Activities
Grant Type
See: Activity Code (Funding Mechanism)
Grant Update Module GUM  
An initiative that spans eRA Commons IMPAC II modules which allows for updating of grant information to apply across various modules.
Grant-Supported Project or Activity
Those activities specified or described in a grant application or in a subsequent submission that are approved by an NIH IC for funding, regardless of whether Federal funding constitutes all or only a portion of the financial support necessary to carry them out.

Quoted from the NIH OER Glossary & Acronym List.

Grantee
See: Recipient
Grants Management Officer GMO  
A NIH official responsible for the business management aspects of grants and cooperative agreements, including review, negotiation, award, and administration, and for the interpretation of grants administration policies and provisions. GMOs are delegated the authority from the CGMO to obligate NIH to the expenditure of funds and permit changes to approved projects on behalf of NIH. Each NIH IC that awards grants has one or more GMOs with responsibility for particular programs or awards. See also Chief Grants Management Officer definition.

Quoted from the NIH OER Glossary & Acronym List.

Grants Management Specialist GMS  
A NIH staff member who oversees the business and other non-programmatic aspects of one or more grants and/or cooperative agreements. These activities include, but are not limited to, evaluating grant applications for administrative content and compliance with statutes, regulations, and guidelines; negotiating grants; providing consultation and technical assistance to grantees; and administering grants after award.

Quoted from the NIH OER Glossary & Acronym List.

Grants Policy Statement, NIH NIHGPS  
The NIH Grants Policy Statement (NIHGPS) makes available, in a single document, the policy requirements that serve as the terms and conditions of NIH grant awards.
Grants Reporting and Information Tracking System GRITS  
No longer in use by Program Staff. The remaining functionality in the GRITS application is for NCI related maintenance of tables, reports and exception/supplement funds approval.
Grants with Foreign Components
See Chapter 16 of the NIH Grants Policy Statement.
See Also: Foreign Institution ;  Foreign Organization ;  Foreign Public Entity
Grants.gov
Grants.gov has been designated by the Office of Management and Budget as the single access point for all grant programs offered by 26 Federal grant-making agencies. It provides a single interface for agencies to announce their grant opportunities and for all applicants to find and apply for those opportunities.

Quoted from the NIH OER Glossary & Acronym List.

Green Card
See: Permanent Resident Card
Green Sheet
Grant Documentation Control Form for Competing Applications Form. A Green Sheet must be completed for every grant.
Grievance
A grievance is a written communication from a PD/PI and/or applicant organization that presents concerns about the peer review process for a particular application and does not meet the criteria for an appeal.

Quoted from NIH Guide Notice NOT-OD-11-064.